Although the connected car offers lots of benefits and excitement to the drivers, it also faces drawbacks and challenges;
Innovations to be introduced until 2020 include the full integration of smartphone applications, such as the linkage of the smartphone calendar, displaying it on the cars windshield and automatic address searches in the navigation system for calendar entries.[17]In the longer term, navigation systems will be integrated in the windshield and through augmented reality project digital information, like alerts and traffic information, onto real images from the drivers perspective.[17]
Lee, Eun-Kyu; Gerla, Mario; Pau, Giovanni; Lee, Uichin; Lim, Jae-Han (6 September 2016). Internet of Vehicles: From intelligent grid to autonomous cars and vehicular fogs.
Human driver monitors the driving environment
First version ETSI EN 302 571: Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Radiocommunications equipment operating in the 5 855 MHz to 5 925 MHz frequency band; Harmonized EN covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive (
Technological innovation in the field of connectivity is accelerating.[34]High-speed computers help make the car aware of its surroundings, which can transform manoeuvring a self-driving vehicle an increasing reality.[35]
Further there are initiatives to use theethernettechnology to connect the sensors that allow for advanced driving assistance systems (ADAS). Through the ethernet network speed inside the vehicle can move from onemegabittogigabits.[36]Further, It uses switches that allow connections to any number of devices, reducing the amount of cabling required and thus the overall weight of the car. Moreover, it is more scalable, allowing devices and sensors to connect at different speeds and has the benefit of components being available off the shelf.[37]
Staff, CAAT.Automated and Connected Vehicles.
: The technology interconnects all types of vehicles and infrastructure systems with another. This connectivity includes cars, highways, ships, trains and airplanes.
Intelligent Transportation Systems – Vehicle-to-Pedestrian (V2P) Communications for Safety.
Löffler, Markus; Mokwa, Christopher; Mnstermann, Björn; Wojciak, Johannes (May 2016).Shifting gears: Insurers adjust for connected-car ecosystems. McKinsey & Company
Intelligent Transportation Systems – Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) Deployment Guidance and Resources.
is acarthat is equipped withInternetaccess, and usually also with awireless local area network.This allows the car to share internet access with other devices both inside as well as outside the vehicle.Often, the car is also outfitted with special technologies that tap into the internet or wireless LAN and provide additional benefits to the driver. For safety-critical applications, it is anticipated that cars will also be connected usingDedicated Short Range CommunicationDSRC) radios, operating in the FCC-granted 5.9GHz band with very lowlatency.
Technologically speaking cooperative applications can be implemented.[28]Here the regulatory framework is the main obstacle to implementation, questions like privacy and security need to be addressed. British weekly The Economist even argues that the matter is regulatory driven.[29]
VisLab Intercontinental Autonomous Challenge
Choi, Seunghyuk; Thalmayr, Florian; Wee, Dominik; Weig, Florian (February 2016).Advanced driver-assistance systems: Challenges and opportunities ahead. McKinsey & Company
Connected Car Business Models State of the Art and Practical Opportunities.
On March 3, 2014, Apple announced a new system to connect iPhone 5/5c/5S to car infotainment units using iOS 7 to cars via a Lightning connector, calledCarPlay.
Examples include, amongst others: 1.) single-vehicle applications: concierge features provided by automakers or apps alert the driver of the time to leave to arrive on time from a calendar and send text message alerts to friends or business associates to alert them of arrival times such as BMW Connected NA that also helps find parking orgas stations.[12]The EuropeaneCallwould be an example of a single vehicle safety application that is mandatory in theEU.[13]
By 2015, OnStar had processed 1 billion requests from customers.[5]
Increasingly, Connected Cars (and especially electric cars) are taking advantage of the rise of smartphones, and apps are available to interact with the car from any distance. Users can unlock their cars, check the status of batteries on electric cars, find the location of the car, or remotely activate the climate control system.
Near-term innovations regarding Vehicle Relationship Management (VRM) entail advanced remote services, such as GPS tracking and personalized usage restrictions. Further, maintenance services likeover-the-airtune-ups, requiring the collaboration of car dealers, OEMs and service centers, are under development.[17]
On January 6, 2014, Google announced the formation of theOpen Automotive Alliance(OAA) a global alliance of technology and auto industry leaders committed to bringing the Android platform to cars starting in 2014. The OAA includes Audi, GM, Google, Honda, Hyundai and Nvidia.[18]
Entertainment: functions involving the entertainment of the driver and passengers (e.g.: Smartphone interface, WLAN hot spot, Music, video, Internet, social media, Mobile office)
The data provided by greater vehicle connectivity is impacting the car insurance industry.[17]Predictive-modeling and machine-learning technologies, as well as real-time data streaming, providing among others information on driving speed, routes and time, are changing insurers doing-of-business.[17][33]Early adopters have begun to adjust their offering to the developments in the automotive industry, leading them to transition from being pure insurance product provider to becoming insurance-service hybrids.[33]
PwC Strategy& 2014. In the fast lane. The bright future of connected cars.
These services relate toAdvanced Driver-Assistance Systems (ADAS), that depend on the sensory input of more than one vehicle and enable instant reaction through automatic monitoring, alerting, braking and steering activities.[20]They depend on instant vehicle-to-vehicle communication, as well as infrastructure, functioning across brands and national borders and offering cross-brand and cross-border levels of privacy and security. TheUS National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA)for that reason has argued for regulation in itsAdvance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (ANPRM) on V2V Communication[21]and argued the case in US Congress.[22]NHTSA began the rule-making process on December 13, 2016, proposing to mandate dedicated short-range communications (DSRC) technology in new light vehicles.[1]Under this proposed rule, vehicles would broadcast a defined data packet, the basic safety message (BSM) up to ten times per second, indicating vehicle location, heading, and speed. In March, 2017, GM became the first US automaker to provide DSRC as standard equipment on a production automobile, the Cadillac CTS.[23]The US also has appropriate standards IEEE 802.11p- and frequency rules[24]in place. In Europe a frequency is harmonised for transport safety[25]and a harmonised standard, called ETSI ITS-G5,[26]are in place. In the EU there is no push to oblige vehicle manufacturers to introduce connect. Discussions about a regulatory framework for privacy and security are ongoing.[27]
BMW Connected NA available for iPhone / Apple Watch calculates departure time, texts friends & finds gas/parking. 31 March 2016.
How carmakers can compete for the connected consumer.
All forms of hardware have typical use cases as drivers. The built-in solutions were mostly driven by safety regulations in Europe for an automated Emergency Call (abbr.eCall). The brought-in devices usually focus on one customer segment and one specific use case.[32]
Whats driving the connecter car?. McKinsey.
Safety: functions that warn the driver of external hazards and internal responses of the vehicle to hazards (e.g.: Vehicle condition and service reminders, Remote operation, Transfer of usage data)
Text is available under the; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to theTerms of UseandPrivacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of theWikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Open Automotive AllianceOpen Automotive Alliance
In fact, research also shows that customers are willing to switch manufacturers just to be able to use mobile devices and connectivity. In 2014 there were 21% who were willing to do so whereas in 2015 this number climbed up to 37%. On top of that 32% of those customers would also be ready to pay for a service related to connectivity on top on a base model. This figure has been at 21% in 2014, one year before. The increase of customers willing to switch manufacturers and to pay for such services shows the increase in importance for connected cars.[38]
Walford, Lynn (21 January 2014).Hyundai Blue Link Goes Red (Verizon Wireless) Using Google Glass, Pandora or SoundHound.
V2V Safety Technology Now Standard on Cadillac CTS Sedans.
USDOT describes the background, current activities, and future direction of the connected vehicle initiatives
Commerce: functions enabling users to purchase good or services while on-the-go (e.g.: Fuel, food & beverage, parking, tolls)
Reliabilityis also a major concern. Cars,sensor, and network hardware will malfunction. The system has to deal with incorrect data, as well as faulty communications, such as denial of service attacks.
Hall-Geisler, Kristen.From your dorm room to your car: ethernet is back.
The following trends are strengthening the shift towards a fully developed connected cars industry, changing the concept of what is understood as a car and what are its functions.
Future of Infrastructure: Vehicle-to-X (V2X) communication technology
C-ITS Deployment Platform Final Report, January 2016 (
Progressive, for example, has introduced its usage-based-insurance program, Snapshot, in 2008, which takes into account driving times and ability. The data gathered through anonboard diagnostics deviceallows the company to perform further personal and regional risk assessments.[33]Another innovation being tested in the insurance industry regardstelematicsdevices, which transmit vehicle and driver data throughwide-area networksand are subsequently used to influence driving behavior, for legal purposes and the identification of fraudulent insurance claims. Further applications are dynamic risk profiles and improved customer segmentation.[33]Future services include coaching on driving skills for fuel efficiency and safety reasons, the prediction of maintenance needs and providing advise to car owners regarding the best time to sell their car.[33]
Connected Vehicle Cloud Platforms ABI Research.
Mobility management: functions that allow the driver to reach a destination quickly, safely, and in a cost-efficient manner (e.g.: Current traffic information, Parking lot or garage assistance, Optimised fuel consumption)
Current automobiles entail embedded navigation systems, smartphone integration and multimedia packages.[17]Typically, a connected car made after 2010 has a head-unit,in car entertainmentunit, in-dash system with a screen from which the operations of the connections can be seen or managed by the driver. Types of functions that can be made include music/audio playing, smartphone apps, navigation, roadside assistance, voice commands, contextual help/offers, parking apps, engine controls and car diagnosis.[4]
IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Society
Hardware establishes proprietary internet connection via GSM module.
McKinsey & Company (September 2014).Connected car, automotive value chain unbound
: The technology captures data generated by the vehicle and provides information about the infrastructure to the driver. The V2I technology communicates information about safety, mobility or environment-related conditions.
: The technology exchanges information about and for applications of the vehicle with acloudsystem. This allows the vehicle to use information from other, though the cloud connected industries like energy, transportation and smart homes and make use ofIoT.
Definition of Connected Car What is the connected car? Defined.
Elliott, Amy-Mae (25 February 2011).The Future of the Connected Car.
Driver assistance: functions involving partially or fully automatic driving (e.g.: Operational assistance or autopilot in heavy traffic, in parking, or on highways)
jean.yoder. (2016-10-26).Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication.
A simple failure in the system, whether in the connected car, or elsewhere in the network, while on theautonomous drivecan cause fatal consequences.
Alam, Mahbubul.The Top Five Trends For The Connected Car In 2016.
How will connected vehicles affect us.
Remote diagnosticswere introduced in 2001. By 2003 connected car services included vehicle health reports,turn-by-turn directionsand a network access device. Data-onlytelematicswere first offered in 2007.
This page was last edited on 1 May 2018, at 16:59.
Hardware relies on customers smartphone for the internet connection or
Shifting gears in cybersecurity for connected cars.
Privacy is another dimension, both with hacking and with other uses. Sensitive data gathered from the car such as the location, drivers daily route, apps that are used, etc… are all susceptible to be hacked and used for unauthorised purposes.,
There are 5 ways a vehicle can be connected to its surroundings and communicate with them[6]:
Meola, Andrew.Automotive Industry Trends: IoT Connected Smart Cars & Vehicles.
as well as being used by businesses and government. In Germany for example 51% of car drivers do not want to use car-related connected services because they want to keep their privacy. In the U.S it is 45%, in Brazil 37% and in China 21% of the car drivers that think so. The average lies at 37%.
International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks
: The technology senses information about its environment and communicates it to other vehicles, infrastructure and personal mobile devices. This enables the vehicle to communicate with pedestrians and is intended to improve safety and mobility on the road.
Obstacles for Connecter Cars. Forbes.
Volvo Cars and AT&T Enter Multi-Year Agreement to Connect Future Models in U.S. and Canada(Press release).AT&T Corporation. 16 April 2014.
Changing thedesignof products: the way that the product is developed and the maintenance-respond-architecture play a crucial role. Companies have to focus on long term solutions in terms of design security because quick changes are costly and easy to circumvent. Integrating this sphere at the earliest stage possible when developing the product can be the right approach for the companies.
A major issue with the connected cars is hackability. The more it is connected to the internet and to the system, it becomes more exposed to being penetrated from the outside. If the service and help can be provided from distance bycar-makers, through that channel,hackerscan access and control the car as well. InGermanyandBrazil, 59% of car drivers are afraid to be hacked into their car if it is connected to the Internet. In theU.Sthere are 43% and inChina53% whereas the average lies at 54%.
. South Pasadena, California, United States: Aproprose
General Motorswas the first automaker to bring the first connected car features to market withOnStarin 1996 in Cadillac DeVille, Seville and Eldorado. OnStar was created by GM working withMotorolaAutomotive (that was later bought by Continental). The primary purpose was safety and to get emergency help to a vehicle when there was an accident. The sooner medical helps arrives the more likely the drivers and passengers would survive. A cellular telephone call would be routed to acall centerwhere the agent sent help.[4]
At first, OnStar only worked with voice but when cellular systems added data the system was able to send theGPSlocation to the call center. After the success of OnStar, many automakers followed with similar safety programs that usually come with a free trial for a new car and then a paid subscription after the trial is over.
Despite various market drivers there are also barriers that have prevented the ultimate breakthrough of the connected car in the past few years. One of these is the fact that customers are reluctant to pay the extra costs associated with embedded connectivity and instead use their smartphones as solution for their in-car connectivity needs. Because this barrier is likely to continue, at least in the short-term, car manufacturers are turning to smartphone integration in an effort to satisfy consumer demand for connectivity.[19]
Internal cooperation between departments of the company: product-security teams and corporate IT-security teams will have to work closely together in order to prevent the hackability of their devices. To do so, companies may create guidelines that minimize probabilities of bugs, and security gaps (software). Making modifying and patching systems easier can be another effect driven from that.
Android Autowas announced on June 25, 2014 to provide a way for Android smartphones to connect to car infotainment systems.
The connected car segment can be further classified into 8 categories.[16]
In the summer of 2014, Audi was the first automaker to offer 4GLTEWi-FiHotspotsaccess and the first mass deployment of 4G LTE was by General Motors.
2.) cooperative safety-of-life and cooperative efficiency:forward collision warninglane change warning/blind spot warning, emergency brake light warning, intersection movement assist, emergency vehicle approaching, road works warning, automatic notification of crashes, notification of speeding and safety alerts.[14][15]
Applications can be separated into two categories: 1.) single vehicle applications: In-car content and service applications implemented by a single vehicle in connection with a cloud or backoffice. 2.) cooperative safety and efficiency applications: they provide connectivity between vehicles (or infrastructure) directly have to work cross-brand and cross-borders and require standards and regulation. Some may be convenience applications, others safety, which may require regulation.
Vehicle management: functions that aid the driver in reducing operating costs and improving ease of use (e.g.: Vehicle condition and service reminders, Remote operation, Transfer of usage data)
Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards: Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) Communications, Docket No. NHTSA20140022 (
The necessary hardware can be divided into built-in or brought-in connection systems. The built-in telematics boxes most commonly have a proprietary internet connection via aGSMmodule and are integrated in the car IT system. Although most connected cars in the United States use the GSM operatorAT&Twith a GSM SIM such as the case with Volvo,[30]some cars such as the Hyundai Blue Link system utilizesVerizon Wireless Enterprise, a non-GSM CDMA operator.[31]
Value chainsecurity: As companies are the final integrators of security systems they also have to control security all along the value chain. Also suppliers have to make sure that security plays the most important role for the mobile device. Taking the example of the procurement department, it has to make sure that the cybersecurity features of the final product are negotiated and available. The whole security issue starts at the beginning of the value chain. This approach can be used to actually define and shape future security standards in the industry and make sure that every player in the industry has the same understanding of the importance of security.
NHTSA: Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communications: Readiness of V2V Technology for Application (
Commission Decision 2008/671/EC „on the harmonised use of radio spectrum in the 5 875-5 905 MHz frequency band for safety-related applications of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) (
Autonomous carsand enabling technologies
Well being: functions involving the drivers comfort and ability and fitness to drive (e.g.: Fatigue detection, Automatic environment adjustments to keep drivers alert, Medical assistance)
Breakdown prevention: connected to a breakdown service, with a back end algorithm predicting breakdowns and an outbound service intervening via phone, SMS or push notification
TheInternet of Thingswill be used to provide mobile services in the car with high-speed internet. This feature will enable real time traffic control, interaction with the car manufacturer service for remote diagnostics and improved company logistics automation. Moreover, in the beginning of the self-driven car era, internet will be used for information exchange between the cars for better route selection and accident reports.[39]
Federal Communication Commission -Amendment of Parts 2 and 90 of the Commissions Rules to Allocate the 5.850-5.925 GHz Band to the Mobile Service for Dedicated Short Range Communications of Intelligent Transportation Services ET Docket No. 98-95 (
Most brought-in devices are plugged in the OBD (On-board diagnostics) port for electrification and access to vehicle data and can further be divided into two types of connection:
In the UK, the breakdown association The AA introduced the first piece of connected car technology, in Car Genie that connects directly to a breakdown service, not only warning of issues with car health, but intervening directly with a phone call to customers to help them prevent a breakdown.
Over-the-air updates: As short term solutions are also easy to solve problems a technology called OTA (over-the-air) becomes more and more important to OEMs. These OTA updates allow companies to quickly detect problems/attacks and prevent the malefactors to become active and attack the system. However, this is a very costly approach and companies have to know the architecture of their systems in detail to directly attack the issue not to lose money on inefficiency.
: The technology communicates information about speed and position of surrounding vehicles through a wireless exchange of information. The goal is to avoid accidents, ease traffic congestions and have a positive impact on the environment.